Beverly Matherne

Internationally Acclaimed Poet

Readings/Presentations

Upcoming Readings/Presentations

2024

Date TBD. Solo reading on Zoom with Grace Cavalieri on The Poet and the Poem, broadcast on National Public Radio from the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

July 26. Solo reading, 4:00 pm, Annual Author Series, Mackinac Island Public Library, Mackinac Island, MI.

May 29. Poetry workshop for middle and high home school students, 10-11:30 am, Old Bank Building, Negaunee, MI.

May 22. Poetry workshop for middle and high home school students, 10-11:30 am, Old Bank Building, Negaunee, MI.

May 15. May 22. Poetry workshop for middle and high home school students, 10-11:30 am, Old Bank Building, Negaunee, MI.

May 8. May 22. Poetry workshop for middle and high home school students, 10-11:30 am, Old Bank Building, Negaunee, MI.

May 1. Poetry workshop for middle and high school home students, 10-11:30 am, Old Bank Building, Negaunee, MI.

April 26. Harvard Square Press Night, a reading at the Great Lakes Poetry Festival featuring poets who have published with Harvard Square Press, including U.P. Poet Laureate Beverly Matherne, 7-9 p.m., Superior Culture, Marquette, MI.

April 24. Poet Laureate Night at the Great Lakes Poetry Festival, featuring the first U.P. Poet Laureate Russ Thorburn and the current U.P. Poet Laureate Beverly Matherne, 7-8 p.m., Community Room, Peter White Public Library, Marquette, MI.

April 21. Great Lakes Poetry Festival Kick-Off Reading with Martin Achatz, Troy Graham, Gala Malherbe, and Beverly Matherne, Provisions Coffee, 3-6:00 pm, Marquette, MI.

April 5. Reading with Troy Graham, Negaunee Public Library, 4:00 pm, Negaunee, MI.

March 29. Reading of Good Friday poem, Good Friday service of combined churches, 6:00 pm, Bethany Lutheran Church, Ishpeming, MI.

March 21. Poetry Without Borders, a session of the Unity Conference, hosted by the Department of Languages, Literatures, and International Studies at North Michigan University, an evening of poetry in languages around the world, 5:30-7:30, Ballroom of the Northern Center. Beverly will read her work in French and the English will be presented on a large screen by way of PowerPoint.

Past Readings/Presentations

2024

February 8. Reading with Beverly Matherne, Renxin Yang, and others in HarmonyVerse – Member Showcase of Poetry and Music, for the Marquette Branch of AAUW (American Association of University Women), 6:00 pm, Women’s Federated Club House, Marquette, MI.

February 6. Ekphrastic poetry workshop for middle and high school students, Write-On program, 3-5:00 pm, Peter White Public Library, Marquette, MI.

January 23. Haiku workshop for middle and high school students, Write-On program, 3-5:00 pm, Peter White Public Library, Marquette, MI.

2023

December 16. Solo reading of and lecture on ekphrastic poetry at the holiday gala for high school art students in the Artists in Excellence program, 9:30 am, the Butler House, Ishpeming, MI.

October 30. Solo reading of sacred poetry, 10 am, Bethany Lutheran Church, Republic, MI.

October 26. Michigan Notable Book Reading from Superior Voyage: 10-Year Anthology of the Marquette Poets Circle, with Martin Achatz, Milton Bates, Lisa Fosmo, and Beverly Matherne, on Zoom, 7:00 pm, Crystal Falls Library, Crystal Falls, MI.

October 21. Reading from Potions d’amour, thés, incantations/Love Potions, Teas, Incantations, along with Alex Poetic Soul Johnson, Jonathan Mayers, and Henry Johnson at exhibition opening of Mitoloji Latannyèr/Mythologies Louisianaises/Louisiana Mythologies, 1-3 pm, Capitol Park Museum, Baton Rouge, LA.

October 19. Solo reading from Potions d’amour, thés, incantations/Love Potions, Teas, Incantations, 2:30 pm, St. James Public Library, Lutcher, LA.

October 15. Beverly Matherne and Lynn Domina, reading with the Northern Michigan University Choir and Arts Choral, conducted by Erin Colwitz, featuring women composers or pieces that use poetry by woman, 3:00 pm, Reynolds Recital Hall.

October 11. Ekphrastic Poetry Workshop for middle and high home school students, 10-11:30 am, Old Bank Building, Negaunee, MI.

October 7. Reading from Michigan Notable Book Superior Voyage: 10-Year Anthology of the Marquette Poets Circle, with Martin Achatz, Milton Bates, Lynn Domina, Lisa Fosmo, and Beverly Matherne, 12-2:00 pm, Ishpeming Carnegie Public Library.

October 4. Fibonacci workshop for middle and high home school students, 10-11:30 am, Old Bank Building, Negaunee, MI.

September 27. Haiku workshop for middle and high home school students, 10-11:30 am, Old Bank Building, Negaunee, MI.

September 22. Fibonacci workshop, Three Lakes Academy, 10-11:30, Curtis Public Library, Curtis, MI.

September 21. Solo reading, Curtis Public Library, 1-2:30 pm, Curtis, MI.

September 20. Solo reading, at New Orleansgthemed luncheon in my honor, for Marquette Reading Group, 1:00 pm, Marquette, MI.

June 28. Solo reading from Potions d’amour, thés, incantations/Love Potions, Teas, Incantations, 5:30 pm, Ishpeming Carnegie Library, Ishpeming, MI.

June 26. As special guest, reading of my dramatic monologues at Northwords and Music Show, with Martin Achatz, B.G. Bradley, Jacque Love, and Kerri Yost, 7:00 pm, Peter White Public Library, Marquette, MI.

June 21. Haiku workshop at Peter White Public Library, Heritage Room, 1:00-3:00 pm, Marquette, MI.

June 16. Ekphrastic poetry workshop, as guest of Ironwood Carnegie Library, 10-12:00 pm, Ironwood Memorial Building, Ironwood, MI.

June 15. Solo reading from Potions d’amour, thés, incantations/Love Potions, Teas, Incantations, as guest of Ironwood Carnegie Library, 6:00 pm, Ironwood Memorial Building.

June 8. Solo reading at Norlite Nursing Center, 2:15 pm, in Marquette, MI.

May 15. Solo reading from Potions d’amour, thés, incantations/Love Potions, Teas, Incantations, 5 pm, Bethany Lutheran Church, Ishpeming, MI.

April 29. Solo reading of love poems, Elks Tea Fundraiser, 5 pm, Negaunee, MI.

April 27. Reading of ekphrastic poem “Resurrection,” at Concert, Reading, and Reception of art show, “Voices and Art Unlocked,” after paintings in the University of Michigan Prison Creative Arts Project Exhibition.

April 26. At her Great Lakes Poetry Festival book launch, Beverly Matherne will read from Love Poems, Teas, Incantations, a collection of ekphrastic poems. The event will take place at 7:00 pm in the Community Room of Peter White Public Library. No admission charge.

April 23. The Great Lakes Poetry Festival Poetry Reading Kick-Off will take place at 5:00 pm at Drifa Brewing Company in Marquette, with Troy Graham, Beverly Matherne, Gala Malherbe, and Marty Achatz. No admission charge.

April 17. Reading and Fibonacci workshop, 1 pm, in combined English classes of Dr. Kel Sassi, Jamrich Hall, Northern Michigan University, Marquette, MI.

April 7. Reading of poem “Good Friday,” Good Friday service of combined churches, 6:00 pm, Bethany Lutheran Church, Ishpeming, MI.

2022

November 18. Beverly Matherne will be among Michigan writers reading at the launch of Superior Voyage, Marquette Poets Circle Ten Year Anthology, Gordon Publications, 2022. The event will take place at 6 P.M. at Peter White Public Library, 217 North Front Street. Thank you, publisher Rick Rastall!

November 8. Solo reading by Beverly Matherne at 7 P.M. at Bethany Lutheran Church, 715 Mather Avenue, Ishpeming, MI. The event, open to the public, will be followed by refreshments from Mid-Town Bakery and a book signing.

August 15. Beverly Matherne will be among Michigan poets reading at the Judith Minty Yellow Dog Journal Celebration, at 6:30 P.M. at the Ice Cream Pavilion of Presque Park. Almost 45 years ago, poet Minty published her collection Yellow Dog Journal. Since that time, her book has become a touchstone for writers, artists, and musicians of the Upper Peninsula.

May 26. Solo reading by Beverly Matherne at 1 P.M. at the Ishpeming Multi-Purpose Senior Center, at 121 Greenwood Street, Ishpeming, MI. Call 906 485-2257 to order lunch. The event, open to the public, will be followed by a book signing.

2021

April 19. A Celebration of National Poetry Month via Zoom at Peter White Library at 7 P.M., with U.P. Poet Laureate Finalists Beverly Matherne and April Lindala, hosted by two-time U.P. Poet Laureate Emeritus and PWPL's current Adult Programming Coordinator Martin Achatz.

February 16. Mardi Gras Celebration, a Zoom poetry reading by Beverly Matherne focusing on the history of Mardi Gras and her own Louisiana poems at 7 P.M. at Peter White Public Library, hosted by two-time U.P. Poet Laureate Emeritus and PWPL's current Adult Programming Coordinator Martin Achatz.

Feb 6-8. Announcement of the U.P. Poet Laureate 2021-2022, with reading as scheduled below, by five finalists: Tyler Dettloff of Bay Mills-Marquette-Sault-Ste. Marie, April Lindala of Marquette, Beverly Matherne of Ishpeming-Marquette, Rosalie Sanara Petrouske of Marquette-Munising, and M. Barley Seigel of Houghton. Mike Settles, producer and host, will open with an interview of outgoing U.P. Poet Laureate, Martin Achatz.

January 19. Poets and Presidents: Inauguration Celebration, a Zoom reading at 7 P.M. at Peter White Public Library, partnered by the Marquette Poet's Circle. Readers who will read past inaugural poems are two-time U.P. Poet Laureate, Martin Achatz; Inaugural Poet for Barack Obama, Richard Blanco; Diane Glancy; Denis Hinrichsen; Beverly Matherne; Janeen Pergrin Rastall; and M. Barley Seigel.

2020

December 28. Zoom reading by finalists in the 2020-21 U.P. Poet Laureate Competition at 7 P.M., under the auspices of Peter White Public Library and hosted by outgoing and two-time U.P. Poet Laureate, Martin Achatz.

2019

June 25, 2019. Group Reading to celebrate Marquette Arts and Culture’s “Art Week,” at 7 P.M. in the Huron Mountain Gallery, at Peter White Public Library, 217. N. Front Street, Marquette.

April 5, 2019. Group reading at “Art Speaks: A Marquette Poets Circle Interactive Display” (Framed paintings and photographs and poems embedded in the images, plus audio of poets reading, at 5 to 7 P.M. Travel Marquette, 117 W. Washington Street.

2018

July 11, 2018. “Poetry Reading: Beverly Matherne & Friends,” at 11 A.M. to 12 P.M. West Iron District Library, 116 Genesee Street, Iron River, MI.

2017

November 9, 2017. Group reading at The Joy Center, 1492 Southwood, Ishpeming, MI at 7 P.M. A group reading with authors in Maiden Voyage: The Marquette Poets Circle Anthology, Richard J. Rastall, ed.

October 20, 2017. Solo Reading at West Iron District Library, 116 E. Genesee Street, Iron River, Michigan. at 4 P.M.

October 18, 2017. Group reading at Ishpeming Carnegie Library at 5:30 P.M., with authors in Maiden Voyage: The Marquette Poet’s Circle Anthology, Richard J. Rastall, ed.

October 16, 2017. Group reading at book launch of Maiden Voyage: The Marquette Poet’s Circle Anthology, Richard Rastall, ed. At 7 P.M. at White Public Library, 217 North Third Street, Marquette, MI.

September 15 and 16, 2017. Duo Poetry Reading with U.P. Poet Laureate, Marty Achatz, Friday at 11 A.M. and Saturday at 1 P.M. Michigamme Market, Michigamme Township Park, Main Street, across from Mt. Shasta, Michigamme, MI.

September 6, 2017. Solo poetry reading at Kiwanis of Alger County, 400 Cedar Street, Munising, MI. 12:15 P.M.

August 7, 2017. Group reading, “Inspired Words: Showcase of Local Writers.” Sponsored by Peter White Public Library, the City of Marquette Arts and Culture Center, and the Carroll Paul Memorial Trust Fund. At 7 P.M. at Peter White Public Library 217 Front Street, Marquette, MI.

July 15, 201. “U.P. Women Authors Tour.” A four-person reading and book signing, at 1 to 2:30 P.M. (Elinor Benedict, L. E. Kimball, Beverly Matherne, and Jane Piirto). Munising Public Library, 810 State Hwy M-28 W. Suite A Munising, MI.

March 18. Beverly will read at the following event, which she is coordinating: Read, Resist: A Celebration of Walt Whitman's "Song of Myself," at the Ishpeming Carnegie Public Library, 317 W. Main Street, Ishpeming, MI. The event, free and open to the public, will take place from 1 to 3 pm. For more information call 906 486-4381.

February 28. Mardi Gras Poet Laureate Reading, featuring newly elected 2017-2019 UP Poet Laureate Marty Achatz. The event will be begin at 7 pm in the Arts Center, located in the lower level of the Peter White Public Library at 217 N. Front Street. This year's runner-up Kathleen Heideman will also read, as well as the runner up from the 2014-2016 poet laureate contest, Beverly Matherne. Russell Thorburn, the first UP poet laureate 2011-2013, will also read. The event is free and open to the public.

February 26. Beverly will read from her book Bayou des Acadiens / Blind River and recite blues poetry at a Mardi Gras Party, replete with beads and king cake, at the Joy Center, located at 1492 Southwood Drive, Ishpeming MI. The event, free and open to the public, rescheduled to start at 3 pm.

February 4. Beverly is one of 25 Michigan poets and a number of other writers who will read Walt Whitman's "Song of Myself," from 3 to 6 pm at the Carnegie Library Building, 451 East Mitchell Street, Petoskey, MI. The event, free and open to the public, is coordinated by poet and writer Thomas Lynch and sponsored by the Lynch and Sons Fund for the Arts.

2016

November 20. Beverly will read poetry at high tea at the home of Ishpeming Historical Society President Sue Boback. The private event will take place at 822 Maurice Street, Ishpeming, at 2 pm.

September 30. Beverly will read from her newest book Bayou des Acadiens / Blind River as well as earlier work at an event sponsored by Friends of the West Iron District Library. Free and open to the public, it will take place at Contrast Coffee, 217 W. Genesee Street, Iron River, MI. A book signing will follow. Refreshments may be purchased from the coffee bar.

August 20. An Evening of Blues and Jazz, featuring Poet Beverly Matherne and Pianist Linda Harrell, will take place at 7 pm at the historic Cohodas House, 832 N. Main Street, Ishpeming, MI. Beverly will sing her original blues poetry and Linda will play Chopin. The event, free and open to the public, hosted by proprietors Bob Bucan and Michael Flynn, will include copious refreshments and a book signing.

April 28. Beverly will read from her newest Book, Bayou des Acadiens / Blind River, in the Fellowship Hall at Bethany Lutheran Church, located at 715 Mather Avenue, Ishpeming, Michigan. She’ll offer selections she didn’t read in September, 2015, and round off the evening with her award-wining translation of a prose poem by Charles Baudelaire. The event, free and open to the public, starts at 7 pm, followed by a book signing and light refreshments from Midtown Bakery Café.

April 28. In honor of National Poetry Month, Beverly will read at 7 pm, at Bethany Lutheran Church, 715 Mather Avenue, Ishpeming, MI. Refreshments from Midtown Bakery and Café and a book signing will follow the event, free and open to the public.

April 21. Beverly will read from her newest book, Bayou des Acadiens / Blind River, in the Shiras Room at Peter White Public Library, 217 N. Front Street, Marquette, Michigan. She’ll also perform her award-winning translation of a prose poem by Charles Baudelaire. The event, free and open to the public, starts at 7 pm, followed by a book signing and light refreshments. Phone: 906-226-4318.

April 6. Beverly will read at 7 pm. From her newest book, Bayou des Acadiens / Blind River, as well as earlier work, at Peter White Public Library, 217 N. Front Street, Marquette, MI. A book signing will take place after the event, free and open to the public.

January 25. In a private event sponsored by the Marquette Century Club, Beverly will read from her newest book Bayou des Acadiens / Blind River as well as earlier work, including a Baudelaire translation. The event will take place at 1 pm in the Shiras Room of Peter White Public Library, 217 N. Front Street, Marquette, MI .

2015

October 15. Beverly will read from her new book, Bayou des Acadiens / Blind River for the Northern Center for Lifelong Learning at the Shiras Room, Peter White Public Library, 217 N. Front Street, Marquette, MI. The event starts at 1 pm. A book signing and light refreshments will follow. The event is free and open to the public. Phone: 906-228-9510.

Kiosk des Auteurs Poster, 2015 Kiosk des Auteurs October 10. Beverly will appear at the Kiosk des Auteurs / the Authors Tent for a book signing from 1-3:00 at Cajun Creole Festivals in Lafayette, LA. Books available include her latest, Bayou des Acadiens / Blind River (2015), from Les Éditions Perce-Neige, as well as her Cadillac book from Les Éditions Tintamarre and her blues book and CD from Cross-Cultural Communications. (poster)

Grand Réviel Acadien Program, 2015 Grand Réviel Acadien October 9. Beverly will perform her blues poetry in Cajun French and English at the Cajundome Convention Center during the Grand Réviel Acadien at Cajun Creole Festivals from 10:15-3:30. Location: 444 Cajundome Boulevard, Lafayette, LA. Phone: 337-265-2100. (poster)

September 22. Beverly will read from her new book, Bayou des Acadiens / Blind River, at St. James Parish Library at 1 pm. Location: 1789 W. Main Street, Lutcher. Phone: 225-869-3618.

September 12. Beverly will open the Cajun Zydeco Festival in Sebastopol, CA, at 11:30 am with her blues poetry in Cajun French and English and will perform again at 3 pm. Location: Ives Park at 7400 Willow Street.

September 11. At 7 pm, Beverly will open the Cajun Zydeco Festival Jam Session with a performance of her blues poetry at the French Garden Restaurant, 8050 Bodega Avenue, Sebastopol, CA.

September 9. As Guest of Honor of the Sebastopol Rotary Club, Beverly will give a presentation on Cajun history and read / perform her poetry in Cajun French and English, to set the tone for the Cajun Zydeco Festival in Ives Park at 7400 Willow Street.

September 1. Beverly will launch her new book, Bayou des Acadiens / Blind River, from Les Éditions Perce-Neige at 7 pm at Bethany Lutheran Church, located at 715 Mather, in Ishpeming, MI. A book signing and light refreshments will follow.

August 27. At a piano recital at 7 pm by Nancy Railey titled “Poetry in Words and Music,” Beverly‒‒along with Russ Thorburn, Kathleen Heideman, and Jennifer Finstrom‒‒will recite poems intermittently with pieces from the 24 Preludes of Frederic Chopin. Location: the Marquette Women’s Federated Clubhouse, 104 West Ridge.

August 6. As guest of the Wakefield Public Library, Beverly will read poetry at 6:30 at the Municipal Building, located at 509 Lake Street, in Wakefield, MI. Julie Buckles, nonfiction writer, will also read. A book signing and light refreshments will follow.

July 15. As part of the UP Women’s Author Tour, Beverly Matherne and Elinor Benedict will read poetry at 1 pm at the Munising School Public Library, 810 State Street, Munising, MI. A book signing and light refreshments will follow. Phone: 906-387-2125.

July 1. Beverly will read poetry at 5 pm at the Ishpeming Carnegie Public Library, located at 317 N. Main Street. Phone: 906-486-4381. A book signing and light refreshments will follow.

2014

October 11. Beverly will perform blues and prose poetry in “Desire,” accompanied by music, dance, and photographic images. The event will take place at Forest Roberts Theater, Northern Michigan University, in Marquette, 7:30, pm.

July 10. Beverly will perform blues poetry and folktales in “An Evening with Cajun Poet Beverly Matherne,” accompanied by percussionist Michael Tramonte and guitarist Jude Dupont. The event will take place at Ascension Parish Library, Gonzales, LA, at 6:00 pm. Please call 225 647-3955 for more information.

May 31. As featured poet, Beverly Matherne will perform blues and prose poetry with music, dance, and photographic images at Word on the Wind, a multimedia, multilingual performance in three acts, sponsored by Manchester Community College. The event is scheduled for 7 pm in the Manchester Community Center in Manchester-by-the-Sea on Cape Ann, in North Boston, MA.

2013

April 24. Guest in the Writing Life Series at Binghamton University. Sponsored by the Dean of Arts and Sciences and the Creative Writing Program at Binghamton University. An address to creative writing students and a poetry reading in this visiting writer series.

April 21. Marquette Symphony Orchestra event, at the Besse Center, Escanaba, Michigan. MSO percussionist Carrie Biolo performs with guest poet Beverly Matherne and guest dancer Mario Formolo.

April 13. A blues poetry performance in English and French at the Binghamton International Poetry Festival. Twelve American and foreign born poets will read their work in foreign languages (Spanish, Italian, French, Arabic, Korean, and others), accompanied by English translations. In room LN-1104, the Graduate Lounge at the base of the Library Tower, across from Jassman's, at 1:30 to 3:00 pm. Sponsored by the Dean of Arts and Sciences and the Creative Writing Program at Binghamton University.

April 8. A blues poetry performance at the poetry/music festival Setmanya Catalunya – América, at L'Horiginal, Barcelona, Spain , 8:30 pm.

Museu Romàntic Can Llopis

April 6. at the poetry/music festival Setmanya Catalunya – América, at Museu Romàntic Can Llopis, Sitges, Spain , 6:00 pm.

2012

October 6. American Literary Translators Association (ALTA). Member of the panel, "The Prism Effect: Translating the Poetry of Stanley Kunitz." Rochester, New York.

. A reading and book signing, at 11:30 A.M., West Iron District Library, Iron River, Michigan. A UP Book Tour Event.

. At 8 P.M at Escanaba Public Library. Performance of my short play, “The French Market,” as well as short plays “A Hunter in the Forest” by Russ Thorburn and “Shelter” by Cameron Witbeck. 400 Ludington Street, Escanaba, MI; 906 789-7323.

. A reading and book signing, at 5 P.M., Book World, 136 West Washington, Marquette, Michigan. A UP Book Tour Event.

. One of three featured poets in the Phoenix Reading Series, from 4-6 P.M., at Scali Café, 245 Bleecker Street, New York. 212.255.5353. Take the 1,2,3 to Christopher St-Sheridan Square. Take the A,C,or E train to West 4th Street.

. Reading, 12 noon-4 P.M., at launch of the anthology Voices Israel 2012: Poetry from Israel and Abroad, edited by Helen Bar-Lev and Johnmichael Simon. Congregation Darech Amuno, 53 Charles Street, NYC 10012. Book and Art Exhibit / Refreshments / Free. Contact Stanley Barkan: 516 868-5635. Additional launches in Haifa, Tel Aviv, Jersalem, Galil Group, Bet Shemesh, K. Gat, Efrat, Bier Shiva, and Boston USA.

. A blues poetry performance, with flute accompaniment by Chris Preissing, at 1:45-2:30 P.M., Ragdale House, on Ragdale Day: A Community Celebration of the Arts, 1230 N. Green Bay Road, Lake Forest, Illinois.

. Poetry reading for the American Association of University Woman, Marquette Chapter, at the Federated Women’s Clubhouse, 104 West Ridge Street, Marquette, MI, 11:00 A.M. Brunch.

2011

. Recitation of my English translation of Charles Baudelaire’s “Les Bienfaits de la Lune,” in the “Declamacioń” session at the ALTA Conference, at the InterContinental Hotel, the Plaza, Kansas City, MO.

. Presentation of my translation of poetry by Jean-Luc Steinmetz in a “French Bi-lingual Reading” session at the ALTA Conference, at the InterContinental Hotel, the Plaza, Kansas City, MO.

. A bilingual poetry reading on a panel titled “Tales of a Cross- Culturalist: Focus on 40 Years of Bilingual and Multilingual Publishing,” at the American Literary Translator’s Association (ALTA) Conference, at the InterContinental Hotel, the Plaza, Kansas City, MO.

. As featured poet, read at “U.P. Creative Gathering,” Peter White Public Library, Marquette, MI.

. Read poetry on a panel in The UP Book Tour, at L’Anse United Methodist Church Fellowship, L’Anse, MI.

. Read poetry on a panel in The UP Book Tour, at Northwind Books, Hancock, MI.

. Did a reading and book signing in The UP Book Tour, at Portage Lake District Library, Portage, MI.

. Spoke on a panel about writing and publishing in The UP Book Tour, at Peter White Public Library, Marquette, MI.

. Did a reading and book signing in The UP Book Tour, at Country Village Bookstore, Ishpeming, MI.